Navigating the optimal timing for secondary IOL implantation in children with bilateral aphakia presents a crucial challenge. This prospective study found that while implanting between ages 2 and <6 years yields comparable visual acuity at age 7, delaying surgery significantly elevates glaucoma risk, a key consideration for minimizing long-term complications.

This large prospective UK Biobank study involving over 100,000 participants investigated how corneal hysteresis (CH) and myopia interact to influence glaucoma development. It revealed that low CH significantly amplifies glaucoma risk, with the highest risk seen in highly myopic individuals, highlighting altered ocular biomechanics as a crucial determinant and CH as an important biomarker for glaucoma susceptibility in myopic eyes, especially where systemic risk factors appear less dominant.

This large national survey investigated the combined impact of obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) risk and sleep duration on glaucoma, finding that high OSA risk increased glaucoma odds. However, the research crucially revealed that sleep duration critically modifies this association. Specifically, individuals with high OSA risk who slept less than 9 hours exhibited a significantly higher glaucoma prevalence, highlighting the importance of considering sleep duration in glaucoma risk assessments for OSA patients.

To better understand vascular changes in dry age-related macular degeneration (AMD), this study utilized swept-source OCT angiography to comprehensively assess choriocapillaris flow deficits (CCFD%). Researchers discovered that CCFD% progressively and significantly increased with advancing disease severity, and crucially, correlated with structural risk factors like subretinal drusenoid deposits (SDDs) and incomplete RPE and outer retinal atrophy (iRORA), particularly in earlier stages. These findings establish CCFD% as a powerful quantitative biomarker and provide an important reference database, offering a promising avenue to enhance the monitoring and understanding of dry AMD progression.

Detecting keratoconus early is paramount, and this review reveals that integrating biomechanical parameters with advanced corneal imaging (ORA, Corvis ST, OCT) significantly boosts diagnostic accuracy for its initial stages. This multi-modal strategy enables crucial timely interventions to halt disease progression and preserve vision, with future AI developments promising even more refined detection of subtle ectasia.

Addressing the challenge of accurately diagnosing eyelid tumours, this study developed a deep learning system that effectively distinguishes benign from malignant lesions in photographs, with a top model achieving an AUC of 0.930. This breakthrough offers a promising new tool for ophthalmologists, poised to enhance diagnostic speed and precision in clinical practice.

Addressing the need for accessible vision monitoring in retinal diseases, this study validated a self-administered Home ETDRS (H-ETDRS) test, demonstrating its high accuracy and reliability against clinic-standard ETDRS. Critically, 96.7% of participants detected simulated vision decline using the H-ETDRS, highlighting its potential to empower patient self-monitoring and facilitate timely clinical interventions.

With ophthalmic services facing growing demands, this study pitted AI against junior ophthalmologists to automate diagnostic report generation for macular diseases. Rule-based AI notably surpassed junior clinicians in diagnostic correctness and recommendations, and deep learning models produced more readable reports, showcasing AI's significant potential to enhance clinical documentation and improve workflow efficiency.

With inherited retinal diseases (IRDs) being a leading cause of youth blindness and ~40% of UK patients lacking a definitive genetic diagnosis, this study surveyed patient experiences, revealing significant diagnostic delays and inconsistencies. Notably, over 90% of respondents championed AI integration, like gene prediction from retinal images, to accelerate diagnosis and bridge critical gaps in the current IRD care pathway.

Addressing the urgent need for better myopia control, this trial found combining 0.025% atropine with DIMS spectacle lenses significantly slowed axial elongation in children (0.07mm vs 0.18mm with atropine + SV lenses) and impressively resulted in nearly 40% showing no axial elongation over 12 months. This demonstrates a powerful additive effect, offering a more potent strategy against progressive myopia and its long-term vision-threatening consequences.